@Article{VieiraTCBPFSAO:2023:AsTwNo,
               author = "Vieira, Rita M{\'a}rcia da Silva Pinto and Tomasella, Javier and 
                         Cunha, Ana Paula Martins do Amaral and Barbosa, Alexandre Augusto 
                         and Pavanelli, Jo{\~a}o Arthur Pompeu and Ferreira, Yara da Cruz 
                         and Santos, Fabricia Cristina and Alves, Lincoln Muniz and Ometto, 
                         Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Centro Nacional de 
                         Monitoramento de Desastres Naturais (CEMADEN)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Socio-Environmental Vulnerability to Drought Conditions and Land 
                         Degradation: An Assessment in Two Northeastern Brazilian River 
                         Basins",
              journal = "Sustainability",
                 year = "2023",
               volume = "15",
               number = "10",
                pages = "e8029",
                month = "May",
             keywords = "socio-environmental vulnerability, conservation units, rural 
                         environmental cadastre (CAR), Northeastern Brazil, Cerrado, 
                         Caatinga.",
             abstract = "Over the past few decades, a significant amount of agricultural 
                         land has been lost due to soil degradation/desertification. In 
                         addition, the increasing frequency of extreme events, such as 
                         intense droughts and forest fires, has negatively impacted various 
                         ecosystem services. Two of the main Brazilian biomes-the Cerrado 
                         and the Caatinga-have been affected by increased rainfall 
                         variability, leading to desertification, increased fire frequency, 
                         and, consequently, rising concerns regarding the water and food 
                         security of the local population. In this study, we develop a 
                         methodology to assess these impacts using a Socio-Environmental 
                         Vulnerability Index (SEVI) that combines physical, environmental, 
                         and socio-economic indicators related to exposure, sensitivity, 
                         and adaptation, as well as including socio-environmental feedback. 
                         The developed SEVI is then applied to the Sao Francisco and 
                         Parnaiba river basins. The proposed index is based on the MEDALUS 
                         methodology and is adapted to include multiple biological, 
                         physical, and socio-economic indicators, allowing for the 
                         discrimination of areas characterized by different levels of 
                         vulnerability. We also analyze the effectiveness of governmental 
                         policies, such as the creation of conservation areas and the rural 
                         registration of properties, in reducing vulnerability. The SEVI 
                         analysis highlights that adaptive capacity is the main constraint 
                         for reducing socio-environmental vulnerability in the Parnaiba 
                         basin, while exposure and sensitivity are the greater challenges 
                         in the Sao Francisco basin. The results of this study are crucial 
                         for the prioritization of recovery actions in degraded areas.",
                  doi = "10.3390/su15108029",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15108029",
                 issn = "2071-1050",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "sustainability-15-08029.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "18 maio 2024"
}